Month: December 2025

Ι᾿ησοῦς (Iēsous): Name, Form, and Transmission

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The following entry reflects the standard 19th-century lexicographical treatment of the Greek name Ι᾿ησοῦς, distinguishing its grammatical forms and historical usage across Second Temple and early Jewish–Christian literature. (Ι᾿ησοῦς, Gen., Dat., and Voc. οῦ, Acc. οῦν; from the Heb. יֵשׁוִּ, Yeshu’a, “Jeshua” or “Joshua;” Syr. Yeshu), the name of several persons (besides our Savior) in … Read more

From Covenant to χάρις: A Theological Drift

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From Covenant to χάρις: A Theological Drift preview

The Greek term χάρις (charis), commonly translated “grace” in New Testament literature, did not originate as a neutral or uniquely biblical concept. Rather, it emerges from a deep pre-biblical semantic and religious history embedded in Greek mythology, social economy, and philosophical anthropology. Prior to its adoption as a translation-equivalent for the Hebrew חֵן (ḥēn), charis … Read more

Sanctification and Theophany at Sinai

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Sanctification and Theophany at Sinai Wadi er-Raha, the broad plain facing Mount Sinai (Jebel Musa), traditionally identified by ancient sources and modern scholarship as the encampment area of Israel in the Wilderness of Sinai (Exod 19–24). Arrival at Sinai (vv. 1–2) Third month — (no biblical name; by number) Ordinal: Shlishi (שְׁלִישִׁי) Later name: Sivan … Read more

Sequence of Engagement and Alienation

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Aḏam → Ḥavvah (KHAHV-vah) → Serpent (nāḥāsh) → Aḏam → Ḥavvah → Serpent → Alienation The assault was directed at you and me. Yet the story is told through Adam, though executed indirectly through Ḥavvah—a sequential strategy rather than a random encounter. The Torah presents a succession: the command was given first to Adam and … Read more

Valley of Dry Bones

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The valley of dry bones comes to life as skeletal remains rise and assemble at the word of YHWH, depicting the vision given to Ezekiel.

Ezekiel 37:1–14 ASV (1901), Restored Names The hand of יהוה was upon me; and He brought me out in the ruach of יהוה, and set me down in the midst of the valley; and it was full of bones. And He caused me to pass by them round about: and, behold, there were very many … Read more

The Eagle and the Lion: A Spiritual Comparison

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The eagle and the lion are not competing symbols; they are complementary. Together, they illustrate that true spiritual strength is neither passive nor reckless. It is governed, discerning, and timely.

The eagle teaches how to see.
The lion teaches how to stand.

The eagle and the lion spiritual comparison highlights the unique attributes of both creatures and how they embody different aspects of strength.

When vision and authority are held together, power becomes stewardship rather than domination. That balance, Scripture suggests, is the mark of those who endure.

Did Constantine Change the Sabbath?

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Did Constantine Change the Sabbath? preview

The claim that Constantine “changed the Sabbath” needs to be weighed carefully, especially since there is no scriptural or apostolic instruction that ever authorizes such a change. In the Torah, the Sabbath is clearly the seventh day, set apart (qodesh) at creation itself and given as a covenant sign—later described as ʿôlām (עוֹלָם), meaning enduring … Read more